The ameliorating role of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir on thioacetamide-induced kidney injury in adult albino rats / 대한해부학회지

Thioacetamide (TAA) exposure and hepatitis C virus infection are usually associated with renal dysfunction.Sofosbuvir (SFV) and daclatasvir (DAC) drugs combination has great value in the treatment of hepatitis C. The study aimed to identify the nephrotoxic effects of TAA and to evaluate the ameliorative role of SFV and DAC in this condition. Forty-eight adult male albino rats were divided into eight groups and received saline (control), SFV, DAC, SFV+DAC, TAA, TAA+SFV, TAA+DAC and TAA+SFV+DAC for eight weeks. Kidney and blood samples were retrieved and processed for histological (Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson’s trichrome), immunohistochemical (α-smooth muscle actin), and biochemical analysis (urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Examination revealed marked destruction of renal tubules on exposure to TAA with either hypertrophy or atrophy of glomeruli, increase in collagen deposition, and wide expression of α-smooth muscle actin. Also, significant disturbance in kidney functions, oxidative stress markers, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Supplementation with either SFV or DAC produced mild improvement in the tissue and laboratory markers. Moreover, the combination of both drugs greatly refined the pathology induced by TAA at the cellular and laboratory levels. However, there are still significant differences when compared to the control. In conclusion, SFV and DAC combination partially but greatly ameliorated the renal damage induced by TAA which might be enhanced with further supplementations to give new hope for those with nephropathy associated with hepatitis.

Synthesis and characterization of the coordination polymers of Aluminium [III], Cadmium [II] and Lead [II] with the schiff base 1,4-bis[hydroxy-phenylazomethine] phenylene need

Coordination polymers of l,4-bis[2-hydroxyphenyl-azomethine] phenylene [BHPAP] with A1[III], Cd[II] and Pb[II] have been prepared in ethanol medium. The optimal pH conditions for preparation of the polymeric complexes were determined by potentiometry study. The protonation constants of 1: 1 metal-ligand complexes formed were calculated from the obtained potentiometric data, Polymers formed have been characterised on the basis of elemental analysis, inferared and electronic spectra. Thermal stabilities of the polymers have been investigated by carrying out differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Electrical conductivity measurements of the synthesized polychelated polymers showed that they are insulators. The metal contents in all polymers are found to be consistent with 1:1 metal: ligand stoichiometry. The solubility and viscosity of the polymer complexes were also determined

Occurrence of some microorganisms in relation to public health in kareish cheese [with 4 tables]

Fifty random samples of Kareish cheese were collected from local markets in Dakahlia Province, Egypt during spring of 2005 to be examined chemically and bacteriologically. The mean acidity%, moisture% and sodium chloride% of examined kareish cheese samples were 1.5, 61.2 and 5.4 respectively. While, the mean counts/g of examined samples for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens and Enterococci were 3.8x10[3], 3.4x10[4], 1.8x10[4], 1.9x10[2] and 5.7x10[6] respectively. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from 4% of examined kareish cheese samples, while Salmonellae failed to be detected. Significant correlation was found between acidity%, moisture% sodium chloride% and different bacterial counts in kareish cheese. The public health importance of the isolated organisms as well as sanitary measures for improving the quality of kareish cheese were discussed

effect of pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccaride extract on the immune response of chickens vaccinated with inactivated new castle and egg drop syndrome vaccine [with 8 tables]

A total 120 chickens of L.B.S.L. of one day old were divided into 6 groups "20 chickens for each". The first three groups were vaccinated with oil emulsified inactivated NewCastle "ND", egg drop syndrome "EDS" vaccine and Pasteurella multosida [P .multosida] Lipopolysaccaride extract "LPS" in single doses which are 0.5 ml, 1/M respectively. The fourth group was vaccinated with bivalent oil adjuvant of ND and EDS. The fifth group was vaccinated with bivalent oil adjuvant vaccine of ND, EDS and LPS. The third and fifth groups received 2 doses of LPS to study its mitogenic effect on the vaccinated chickens. Blood sera were collected till 7 weeks post-vaccination for estimation of cell mediated immunity by lymphocyte transformation, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index and heterophils lymphocytes ratio. Humeral immunity was determined by IHA, HI, ELISA and challenge test. The obtaining data revealed that LPS protein complex of P. multocida had a mitogenic effect on chicken B lymphocytes vaccinated with combined NDV and EDS, enhancing the humeral antibodies and the protection against challenge of P. multocida and NDV were 80% and 90% respectively

Laparoscopic versus open retroperitoneal bilateral varix ligation for obese patients presenting with primary sub-fertility: a randomized comparative study

Objectives: To compare the outcome of laparoscopic versus open varicocelectomy in sub-fertile obese men presenting with bilateral testicular varicoceles

Materials and Methods Forty obese [body mass index > 30] primary sub-fertile males with bilateral varicoceles were selected for this study and randomly subjected to either laparoscopic varicocelectomy [Goup I, n=20] or high retroperitoneal open ligation [Group II, n=20]. Semen analysis was performed preoperatively and three months or more postoperatively. Scrotal duplex was done for each case preoperatively and 6 months post-operatively

Results: The average operative time in Group I and Group II was tilde 77.3 minutes and tilde 58 minutes, respectively [P< 0.05]. Analgesia requirements were significantly less in the laparoscopic group. Only one patient of Group I developed subcutaneous haematoma, while in Group II three developed wound infections and six patients developed wound seroma. The average hospital stay of the patients of Groups I and II was 8.4 hours and 52 hours, respectively [P< 0.05]. The patients of Group II returned to their usual daily activities after an average of 5.3 days, while the patients of Group II needed an average of 8.4 days [P< 0.05]. Hydrocele occurred in none of the patients of Group I and in three patients [15. 7%] of Group II [P<0.05]. Recurrence of the varicocele occurred in none of the patients of Group I, but in three patients [15.7%] of Group II [P< 0.05]. The semen parameters improved after surgery in both groups. The mean improvement in sperm concentration was tilde 32.5 million sperm/ml in Group I and tilde 25 million sperm/ml in Group II [p>0.05]. The mean improvement in the total sperm count was tilde 96 million sperms in Group I and tilde 92 million sperms in Group II [p>0.05]. The mean percentage of improvement in sperm motility was tilde 16.5% in Group I and 14.1% in Group II [p< 0.05]. The mean decrease in the percentage of abnormal forms was tilde 20% in Group I and tilde 5.5% in Group II [p< 0.05]. Moreover, the quality of motility [grades] improved significantly after laparoscopic varix ligation, to a higher extent than after open surgery

Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach is an excellent option for varix ligation in obese patients. Morbidity is less and convalescence is shorter compared to open surgery. A particular advantage of laparoscopy over conventional surgery is the possibility of treatment of bilateral varicoceles through the usual three laparoscopic ports. In this study, improvement in some semen parameters was significantly better following laparoscopic varix ligation. This may be explained by the better view and magnification offered by laparoscopy

Mechanisms of nuclear DNA damage in mature sperm from infertile men

Mechanisms of nuclear DNA damage in human spermatozoa are poorly understood. High levels of apoptosis were detected in spermatozoa from infertile men. The contribution of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species [ROS] in nuclear DNA damage of spermatozoa is not clear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the correlation between levels of apoptosis and ROS with percentage DNA damage in a group of infertile patients and normal donors. Our study included a randomly selected group of infertile men [n = 28] attending our fertility clinic for a history of infertility of more than one year. Semen samples were obtained after 2 to 3 days of sexual abstinence and were examined according to World health organization [WHO] guidelines to determine sperm concentration, motility and morphology. Samples from 22 normal donors with normal standard semen parameters were included as a control. Histologic features of apoptosis were studied using electron microscopy. Levels of apoptosis were detected using Annexin-V staining assay that detects externalization of phosphatidylserine to the outer surface of the plasma membrane of apoptotic spermatozoa. Propidium iodide stain was used to exclude necrotic spermatozoa. The percent apoptosis and necrosis were determined by epifluorescent microscopy. Two-hundred spermatozoa were randomly assessed and classified as normal [negative annexin- V and PI], apoptotic [positive annexin- V and negative PI] and necrotic [positive annexin- V and PI]. Levels of ROS were determined using a chemiluminescence assay and the results expressed as X 106 counted photons per minute [cpm] / 20 X 10[6] spermatozoa/mL. Sperm nuclear DNA damage was assessed by sperm chromatin structure assay [SCSA] to determine the percentage of cells outside the main population [%DFI] with abnormal chromatin structure. The percent apoptosis in spermatozoa from normal donors [6 +/- 2.2] were significantly lower than in patients [11.9 +/- 5.4] [P <0.001]. No significant difference was observed in percent apoptosis in patients with abnormal sperm parameters versus those with normal sperm parameters [P = 0.67]. The percent necrosis was significantly higher in the patients [54.2 +/- 13.6] versus donors [37,0 +/- 13.6] [P < 0.001]. A significant negative correlation was observed between apoptosis and sperm motility [r = -0.34, P = 0.04]. The correlation of apoptosis with sperm concentration and% normal sperm forms did not reach the standard significance [p = 0.07]. Levels of apoptosis were significantly correlated with levels of ROS [r = 0.3, P = 0.02]. A highly significant positive correlation has been demonstrated between levels of apoptosis and%DFI [r = 0.4, P = 0.02], Mean DFI [r = 0.5, P = 0.004], and SO DPI [r = 0.5, P = 0.002]. The range of% DFI was from 13.2% to 59% while that of percent apoptosis was from 1.5 to 25.5%. Our results indicate a significant correlation between levels of apoptosis, ROS and DNA damage in human spermatozoa. We conclude that apoptosis may play a significant role in DNA damage in human spermatozoa. However, apoptosis alone is not responsible for all DNA damage that could be encountered in spermatozoa. Other implicated factors such as ROS are possibly directly involved

Identification of functioning viable and non-viable myocardium using GBP-NTG and angiography

The study included 41 patients with coronary artery disease evaluated using Tl-201 re-injection with NTG for assessment of myocardial viability. Correlation of viable segments [107] and non-viable segments [91] by angiography and radionuclide ventriculography [resting and following 10 mg sublingual NTG]. The addition of NTG lead to significant changes in ejection fraction [EF], peak emptying rate [PER] and peak filling rates [PFR]. Similar normal segmental wall motion in 64% and 65% of viable segments was observed in both GBP and angiography as well as 46% and 47% of non-viable segments using the same techniques. GBP had a better detection for hypokinetic segments in 36% and 42% in viable and non-viable segments versus 24% and 34% in angiography in the same groups respectively. Also, GBP had higher detection rate of dyskinesia in 12% in non-viable segments as compared to 2% in angiography. Viability index > 50% had significant correlation with mean degree of coronary stenosis [p < 0.001], whereas it had no significant correlation with haemodynamic variables as EF, PER and PFR. Radionuclide ventriculography [GBP] with NTG is a better technique in assessment of wall motion changes among viable and non-viable segments, whereas the mean coronary stenosis is the main factor correlated with viability index

Radionuclide imaging for evaluation of biliary tract after hepatobiliary surgery

Thirty patints with biliary enteric bypass have been evaluated with serial hepatobiliary scintigraphy for detection of any possible complication. The study included 19 females and 11 males. Their age ranged from 32 to 72 years with mean age of 51 years. Normal biliary enteric bypass was recorded in 40%, while 60% had complications [partial obstruction 20%, complete obstruction 16.6%, biliary leakage 10%, gastric reflux 6.7% ascending cholangitis 6.7%]. Ultrasound showed a sensitivity of 60% compared to 100% in Tc - 99m HIDA scintigraphy. So, HIDA scanning is a simple, non - invasive technique for follow up of biliary enteric bypass for detection of subtle deterioration of biliary drainage or serious complications as leakage or obstruction

Quantum mechanical interpretation of the indirect electrochemical oxidation of picoline and its N-oxide

The structure of the studied picolines [neutral and intermediate cationic species] have been optimized. The results of MO-calculations were interpreted in terms of energies and coefficients of their molecular orbitals [HOMO and LUMO], stabilization energy, dipole moments and gap energy. The computed electronic charge density of HOMO was located on CH2+ group or 2- and 3-picoline and their N-oxide cationic species, which prevented the formation of aldehyde diacetate. On the other hand, all charge densities of HOMO in 4-picoline and its N-oxide were mainly localized on the ring with no charge density located on the CH2+ group. The CH2+ group of 4-picoline and its N- oxide cationic species could eventually be easily attacked by acetate to form aldehyde diacetate

Study of some trace elements in children with nephrotic syndrome

Serum zine, copper, selenium and management were estimated in twenty children with nephritic syndrome and another twenty healthy controls. Serum level of zinc, copper and selenium showed highly significant decrease [P0.05] but serum magnesium level showed highly significant increase in nephritic children [p< 0.005]. A significant positive correlation was found between serum albumin and serum zinc, copper and selenium in nephritic children [r= +0.304, + 0.440 and + 0.471 respectively] in addition to an insignificant negative correlation between serum albumin and serum magnesium [r= -0.135]. Other significant negative correlations were found between 24 hour urine proteins and serum zinc, copper and selenium [r= -0.562, -0.562 and- 0.672 respectively] but serum magnesium showed significant positive correlation with 24 hour urine proteins in nephritic children [r= +0.627]. The postulated mechanisms of changes of these trace elements in nephrortic children were discussed

Regio- and stereoselectivity in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of 1- [phthalazin-3-yl] -3-oxidopyridinium betaine with 2 -1,3-dipolarophiles

Cycloaddition to 1-[phthalazin-3-yl]-3-oxidopyridinium betaine, across the 2, 6-positions of the pyridine ring with 2 pi-electron addends, gave substituted 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] oct-3-en-2-ones. Structural and configurational assignments of the cycloadducts were deduced from PMR and IR spectral data

Gingival changes following administration of nifedipine and phenytoin in albino rat

Nifedipine [Adalat], used in treatment of cardiovascular disorders, has been found to cause gingival enlargement as one of its side effects. Phenytoin [Epanutin] was used in this study as positive control as gingival hyperplasia is one of its well known side effects. The present study was carried out on one hundred and twenty-five male albino rats. They were divided into three groups: Group I was used as control, group II was divided ito subgroups A and B which received the high and low therapeutic doses of phenytoin respectively while group III was divided into subgroups A and B which received the high and low therapeutic doses of nifedipine respectively. All drugs were introduced by orogastrie tubes daily for a period of 5 weeks. Histopathological studies were performed on the gingiva using haematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson and Mallory's aniline blue stains. The present study showed that both nifedipine and phenytoin produced microscopic gingival hyperplastie changes in rats in the form of fibroplasia and increased collagen density. Nifedipine-induced hyperplasia was not dose-dependent. while phenytoin-induced hyperplasia was dose-dependent. Also the degree of hyperplasia in both drugs was directly related to the duration of therapy beginning as early as three weeks

Escherichia coli as a cause of enteritis in rabbits: effect of broth culture extract on cell culture

A total of 175 samples collected from the rectum of diarrheic rabbits were examined. The most prevalent isolates were E. coli [37.35%] followed by Shigella spp. [15.5%], Hafnia spp. [11.6%], Proteus spp. [7.8%], Serratia spp. [0.78%], and Edwardsiella spp. [0.78%]. 0119 was the most prevalent serovar, followed by 0103, 0101, 02, 018, 077, and 0132 in order of their frequency. On studying the effect of sterile extract of E. coli on Vero cells, 61.7% had cytopathic effect. 95.6% of examined E. coli strains had hemagglutinating properties. Nalidixic acid and furazolidone were the most effective drugs but penicillin, neomycin and erythromycin had no effect on E. coli strains

Quantitative radionuclide sialography in the diagnosis of salivary function following head and neck irradiation

Quantitative 99m Tc-pertechentate sialography with citric acid stimulation was performed in 48 patients with head and neck cancer for studying early and delayed effects of irradiation on salivary glands. The shape of the time activity curves was classified into 4 grades according to the degree of radiation induced dysfunction. A ratio of pre and post stimulation count [Rc] was applied in major glands in relation to different radiation doses and volume of the glands included in the field of treatment. The low radiation dose of 20 Gy led to rise in Rc's specially in partial salivary gland irradiation. Higher doses of 30 and 40 Gy led to gradual diminution to reach a remarkable decrease at dose level of 50-60Gy. Radiation changes were more evident in parotids than submandibular at intervals < 2-6 months and in dose range of 30-40 Gy. A dose ranging from 50 to 60 Gy led to maximum impairment in both glands at interval of 12 months. Partial recovery occurred in partial volume irradiation at interval ranging from 36 to 60 months

Topical use of benzydamine HCL for management of oral ulcerative lesions

The objective of this study was to investigate the local anesthetic propertyof 0.75% w/v concentration benzydamine hydrochloride to control pain in avariety of painful oral ulcerative conditions. Sixty-three patients ranged in age from 14-64 years, with no history of either recent systemic or topical medication were included in this study. Diminished pain perception began at 1 min after the application of the test drug and increased gradually, started at the tongue, floor of mouth, inner surface of the lip, cheeks, soft palate then hard palate. After 10 min pain sensation was completely relieved in 49 out of 63 patients. The other 14 patients were suffering from pain in spite of anesthesia felt in the surrounding tissue away from the lesion and they were all suffering from deep extensive ulcers. 16 patients of the 63 volunteers complained from burning sensation just after the application, but by about 10 min, the burning sensation decreased with increasing anesthetic effect. The initial level of pain perception started to be regained 30 min after application and reached the initial level after 1-1.5.hours

effect of benzydamine hydrochloride mouth wash: clinical and histopathologic evaluation of benzydamine hydrochloride mouth wash for the treatment of periodontal diseases

This clinical and histopathologic study substantiated the anti-inflammatory effect of benzydamine hydrochloride [Tantum Verd] mouth wash. Also, the use of such mouth wash for one month was completely safe. The use of anti-inflammatory mouth wash could be a useful adjunct to other means of periodontal therapy

Amniotic fluid fibronectin in post mature pregnancies

Firbronectin is a glycoprotein which is involved in coagulation, platelet function, tissue repair, and the integrity of vascular endothelial basement membrane. Amniotic fluid is known to contain a heavily glycosylated variety of firbronectin. We have found a significant reduction in amniotic fluid firbronectin in postmature pregnancies associated with placental insufficiency. A further association was also found between low levels of amniotic fluid firbronectin and increased fetal and neonatal complications

Results of treatment and survival of 231 patients with stage III bronchogenic carcinoma

Two hundred and thirty one patients with stage III Bronchogenic Carcinoma had been studied at NEMROCK [1974 1985]. 82% of patients had non small cell lung cancer, while 18% of patients had small cell lung cancer. 29% of patients received radiation therapy alone and 30% of patients received chemotherapy, while 41% of patients received combination of chemo and radiotherapy complete remission after treatment was obtained in 19.5% of patients, all of them received combined modality of treatment with a mean duration of response 10.5 +/- 11 months. There was a better 18 months survival for the patients received combined treatment modality as compared with other groups, and the difference was significant P < 0. 05]

Correlation of ultrasonic placental maturity grading, biparietal diameter and free floating particles with foetal lung maturity

Multiple ultrasonic parameters namely p1acental maturity grading, foetal biparietal diameter measurement [BPD] and the presence or absence of free floating particles [FFP] in amniotic fluid were individually determined as well as combination in 109 high risk pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis for maturity testing in their last weeks of pregnancy. An L/S ratio was determined in amniotic fluid in all patients, while analysis for phosphatedy leglycerol [PG] was carried out only in diabetic patients. A grade III placental maturation predicted 32 of 72 mature phospholipid parameters [44%]. APBD > /= 92 mm predicted 43 of 70 mature phospholipids parameters [61%]. The presence of FFP predicted 37 of 72 mature phospholipids parameters [51%]. Combined BPD > /= 92 mm and/or grade III placenta and/or presence of FFP in one ultrasonic screen predicted 68 of 72 mature phospholipid parameters [94%]. It is concluded that combined ultrasonic aranteters in one screen may obviate the need for amniocentesis to determine foetal lung maturity